Responsibility of Health Promotion in Nursing

Responsibility of Health Promotion in Nursing Health promotion as defined by World Health Organization is â€Å"a health strategy that aims to incorporate skills and community development and to create supportive environment for health, endeavors to build healthy public policy and looks at re-orienting health services. (WHO, 1986). Health promotion is strongly rooted in a social philosophy that attributed the etiology of ill health to adverse social conditions rather than medical care. Both theoretically and practically, health promotion has been found wanting in addressing equity and social justice concerns. Also, structurally and traditionally, the formal health system often produces major obstacles to meaningful involvement in health promotion and community empowerment activities. The communities do not have the interest and the capacity to make any tangible contribution to community participation even if they are willing to do so but the basic concepts of health promotion which have their root in ancient civilization has be en developed in the last two decades. The purpose of health education is to strengthen the skills and capabilities of individuals to take action, and the groups or communities to act collectively to take control over the determinants of health bringing about positive change It serves as essential guide in addressing the major health challenges encountered by developing and developed nations including communicable diseases and issues associated with human development and health enabling people to take action either as individuals or groups. Also, it is an avenue to encourage individuals to take preventive measures in averting worsening of an illness or disease and to adopt healthier lifestyles. Health promotion programs have proven to be an effective tool in slowing the growth of healthcare costs and reducing chance of suffering from disease and creating supportive environments for health backed by healthy public policy. (Bennett, Perry Lawrence, 2009). The responsibility of a nurse in health promotion and education is considered as a major factor by numerous researchers and policy initiatives from the government to promote health, understanding that health promotion is essential. In the three journal articles selected for review from the GCU Library which incorporates the three levels of health promotion namely; primary, secondary, and tertiary, the nursing responsibilities were described to include; educating and helping people obtain skills to maintain their health, making efforts to better understand the patients and their conditions in order to provide effective care because mutual understanding between a practitioner and patient is the key to giving quality care. The nurses must have an evidence-based knowledge of the significant effect that can be made through health promotion interventions and communicate this understanding to the community at large. As more people grow in their awareness of activities that lead to good heal th and become knowledgeable about their own health status, the health of their families, the overall health of the population will improve. Knowing that health promotion encompasses a broader spectrum and include social and political interventions that could provide change to services and policies in the community promoting social responsibility for health, nursing roles and responsibilities have evolved in health promotion by allowing nurses to promote health in diverse settings like homes, schools, prison, general practice and workplace contrary to the past when it was limited to hospital settings only. (Watson, 2008). The implementation of health promotion starts from setting priority , assessing needs and program planning stages, according to the journal article reviewed from GCU Library, the topic being; â€Å"Collaboration between primary and secondary/tertiary services in oral health†, the process includes: capturing high level support by re-orienting health services , building links with primary care and reducing inequality, creating health promotion team in a way that individuals will have a role and more innovative ideas, workforce development, developing health promotion policy, collecting data that will drive the health promotion initiatives, helping to assess health interest and risks thereby helping to guide the kind of health program to offer, choosing appropriate health promotion initiatives that flow nationally from data so as to address the prevailing risk factors of the people, crafting annual health promotion so as to promote continuity, giving encouragement opportunities a nd rewards, maintaining leadership and innovation, communicating with everyone involved in the program throughout, monitoring regularly and consistently evaluating the outcomes. The process of executing the program must include; education of the nursing staff, education of the patients and family, screening, individual risk factor assessment and immunization, social marketing and health information, health education and skill development, community action. Settings and supportive environments, Health education is an important factor of health promotion. As described by Naidoo and Wills (2000), the three levels of health education are: Primary prevention which is health promotion activities that prevent disease. For example immunization, it’s a holistic idea of positive health that encourages the achievement and maintenance of a suitable level of health which enables every individual to lead a productive life both socially and economically. Secondary prevention aims at shortening episode of illness or disease by hindering the progression of ill health through prompt diagnosis and treatment limiting disability. An example is screening also known as† health maintenance†. It is the domain of clinical medicine. It is more expensive and less effective than primary prevention. Tertiary prevention help limit complications related to a disease or a state after it has been developed by minimizing suffering caused by existing departure from good health and promote the patients adjustment to irreversible conditions such as cardiac rehabilitation. In line with the literature review from the GCU Library journal article, I agree with the fact that approach to health promotion should be the one that demonstrate a range of values and beliefs that are commonly held because an individual’s approach will be influenced by their own beliefs and that of the profession they represent. According to Ewles and Simnett (2003), these approaches include medical approach, beviour change approach, educational approach, e empowerment approach, and social change approach. In conclusion, According to Ewles and Simnett(2003), theses approaches includes behavior change, medical, educational, empowerment and social change. When relating it to the literature review from the GCU library journal article approach towards health promotion should be the main focus because it reveals a range of values and beliefs that are commonly held based on an individual’s approach or believe and the profession they represent. References; Edelman, C. Mandle. C. L. (2010). Health promotion throughout the life span (7th ed.). . St Louis: Mosby Naidoo J, Wills J (2000) Health Promotion) Foundations for Practice (2nn ed) Edinburgh. Watson M (2008) the health promotion general practices. Quality in primary care 16.  3, 177-185 Ewles L, Simnett I (2003) Promoting Health A Practical Guide. (5th Ed). Edinburgh. www.healthvicgo.au; steps in health promotion. Jan 25, 2011. Retrieved on 12/18/2011 WHO, Ottawa chapter of Health promotion .Geneva WHO, 1986. Article published.  Online, Oxford Express, 2011. Bennett . C, Perry J. Lawrence Z (2009) Nursing standard. 2009 Jul 29. Journal- Health  Promotion. CINAHL Database. Collins, Fair N. Dickinson. A .Peacock. K. Primary health care (2009). Feb 19. Collaboration between primary and secondary/tertiary services in oral health.

Leo Tolstoys The Death of Ivan Ilyich Essay -- The Death of Ivan Ilyi

Death of Ivan Ilych 1. Characterize the following individuals   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Peter Ivanovich   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Gerasim   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Proskovya Fedorovna   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Vasya Indicate, as well, the ways, in which these individuals help or hinder Ivan Ilych’s spiritual growth. 2. How do (a) the stories associated with the Baal Shem Tov and (b) the biblical tale of Elisha in Damascus illustrate the spiritual journey undertaken by Ivan Ilych? 1. Peter Ivanovich (known from now on as PI) was Ivan’s dearest friend. PI and Ivan have known each other all their lives yet at Ivan’s funeral PI shows no deep remorse. All that PI really thinks about is the vacancy that Ivan has left at work. He like other people, thinks that relationships are just about achieving ones own agenda. And such loving and compassionate relationships do not exist. Another situation that PI has is that after his selfish like behavior he is characterized by a desire to avoid the unpleasant. This is shown when PI skirts the topic of Ivan’s death and â€Å"drags his feet† when it comes time to attend the funeral. He has a problem with confronting the aspect of his own mortality. PI never quite makes the transition to the true understanding of the nature of life that Ivan had made and Gerasim as well. Even though upon leaving Ivan’s funeral PI evokes the observation that it is God’s will that everybody dies someday. His receptivity and consciousness make him stand out amongst society. If one looks at PI’s last name of Ivan... Leo Tolstoy's The Death of Ivan Ilyich Essay -- The Death of Ivan Ilyi Death of Ivan Ilych 1. Characterize the following individuals   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Peter Ivanovich   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Gerasim   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Proskovya Fedorovna   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Vasya Indicate, as well, the ways, in which these individuals help or hinder Ivan Ilych’s spiritual growth. 2. How do (a) the stories associated with the Baal Shem Tov and (b) the biblical tale of Elisha in Damascus illustrate the spiritual journey undertaken by Ivan Ilych? 1. Peter Ivanovich (known from now on as PI) was Ivan’s dearest friend. PI and Ivan have known each other all their lives yet at Ivan’s funeral PI shows no deep remorse. All that PI really thinks about is the vacancy that Ivan has left at work. He like other people, thinks that relationships are just about achieving ones own agenda. And such loving and compassionate relationships do not exist. Another situation that PI has is that after his selfish like behavior he is characterized by a desire to avoid the unpleasant. This is shown when PI skirts the topic of Ivan’s death and â€Å"drags his feet† when it comes time to attend the funeral. He has a problem with confronting the aspect of his own mortality. PI never quite makes the transition to the true understanding of the nature of life that Ivan had made and Gerasim as well. Even though upon leaving Ivan’s funeral PI evokes the observation that it is God’s will that everybody dies someday. His receptivity and consciousness make him stand out amongst society. If one looks at PI’s last name of Ivan...

Abnormal assessment Essay

Describe 3 abnormal assessment findings for a child, adolescent, pregnant woman, adult or older adult which indicate a nutritional problem. What additional questions should the nurse ask based on these findings? What are the Healthy People Goals for this population? How can the nurse promote health and adequate nutrition based on this problem? Does the nutritional problem have any legal or ethical implications? Adolescents Three abnormal assessment findings for an adolescent are as follows: malnutrition, obesity, eating disorders such as anorexia or bulimia. First and foremost, being sensitive to the patient’s self-image can be crucial. Talking with them in a non-judgmental way can be key in maintain a great relationship with them. Once we establish a trusting relationship, we as nurses may begin to promote health and adequate nutrition through teaching methods. Even if the nutritional issue is outside our comfort zone we may reach out to another professional for guidance, such as a Registered Dietitian. If we didn’t have to take that big of a step we can always use not only our knowledge, knowledge of coworkers and other medical professionals, but also the books and other various tools that we have used on our educational journey. Discussing BMI according to the adolescent’s gender and age is an important factor in health promotion. One helpful guide to healthy eating is the My Pyramid. Physical activity with healthy food choices is a great way to manage your weight and maintaining your overall healthy body. Many adolescents like to skip meals or have irregular meal patterns. I know first-hand that we have busy lives but being able to be consistent and eat healthy or the healthier of choice of meals will allow us to continue to maintain a healthier body. A healthy diet should be balanced with adequate physical activity. I know some people work late nights so food choices are much more limited in this scenario. Choosing foods that aren’t high in fat will definitely help with nutrition. Sometimes people see themselves as being a certain way which alters their eating habits. You could have someone that is of healthy size and weight that may see themselves as being overweight. In their mind they need to lose this weight which affects them in the future. As they start to diet and possibly exercise more, their body may not be receiving the necessary nutrients it needs in order to maintain a healthy status. This can lead to malnutrition. Some physical signs and symptoms suggestive of malnutrition are as follows (Jensen, 2011): * Hair that is dull, brittle, dry, or falls out easily * Swollen glands of the neck and cheeks * Dry, rough, or spotty skin that may have a sandpaper feel * Poor or delayed wound healing or sores * Thin appearance with lack of subcutaneous fat * Muscle wasting (decreased size and strength) * Edema of the lower extremities * Weakened hand grasp * Depressed mood * Abnormal heart rate, heart rhythm, or blood pressure * Enlarged liver or spleen * Loss of balance or coordination Abnormal findings of malnutrition are as follows (Jensen, 2011): Mild malnutrition: 80%-90% of ideal weight Moderate malnutrition: 70%-80% of ideal weight Severe malnutrition: < 70% of ideal weight Questions: What have you eaten in the last 24 hours? Is this intake typical? What did you drink in the last 24 hours? What is your typical meal pattern? Have you noticed a change in your weight? Are you concerned about your weight? Do you think that you are too fat? Do you think that you are too skinny? Do you ever use diet supplements or laxatives or limit the amount of calories you ingest? What type of physical activity do you get each week? According to healthy people 2020 the goal for nutrition and weight status is to promote health and reduce chronic disease risk through the consumption of healthful diets and achievement and maintenance of healthy body weights (Healthy People, 2012). In regards to the question, â€Å"does the nutritional problem have any legal or ethical implications,† it would depend on the situation. If the adolescent was in the care of a facility and they were not providing the necessary nutrients for them to survive then there would definitely be a legal issue at hand. If the adolescent was experiencing this issue on their own as say a self-identity issue then it is more of an ethical scenario. There are various situations and there may be a different answer to similar questions or maybe even different answers to the same question but given to different patients. This is why we do the assessments. We need to gather all the information and implement the best approach for that particular pati ent.

Ethical Dilemmas in Harper Lees To Kill A Mockingbird Essay

Ethical Dilemmas in Harper Lees To Kill A Mockingbird Black and white, right and wrong; do decisions that simple and clear even exist? Does a decision ever mean gaining everything without giving anything up? Many characters in To Kill A Mockingbird are forced to make difficult, heart wrenching decisions that have no clear right answer. Harper Lee presents many of these important decisions in To Kill A Mockingbird as ethical dilemmas, or situations that require a choice between two difficult alternatives. Both of these alternatives have unpleasant aspects and question morals and ethics. A person is put in an awkward position, with their mind saying contradicting things. These dilemmas are presented in many different ways. The†¦show more content†¦He shows the reader that there are two sides and a decision is not always an easy thing when neither side is clearly wrong or right. Though this particular decision was easily settled by a simple compromise, the text surrounding it prepares us for future events. Atticus asks if Scout knows what a compromise is and then goes onto describe it as an agreement reached by mutual consent. We can tell that Lee is trying to explain that in a dilemma something to give up something. A dilemma does not ever favor one side completely, but rather requires a balance of give and take. Furthermore, another small dilemma occurs when Scout fights with her cousin Francis who is making fun of her father; she decides to get into a fight with him. Though Atticus specifically asked her not to let anything (she) heard about him make (her) mad, she was so close to her father she could not possibly let someone get away with such deliberate prosecution of her role model. In this dilemma Lee touches on acting upon instinct, no matter what the standard protocol. He makes it clear that sometimes nothing anyone can say to you can stop you from doing what you feel in your heart. Scouts expression of anger through physical battle might not have been the correct approach. However, the reason for which she fought was valiant and courageous. Uncle Jack regretted his punishment when he realized her reasons and herShow MoreRelatedTo Kill a Mockingbird891 Words   |  4 Pageshated historical figure, but merely dislikes him. This is a major theme of Harper Lee’s novel To Kill A Mockingbird. One can never, without exception, hate a man. Harper Lee promotes the idea that hatred is never acceptable by creating situations with literary devices like characters, settings, and plots that demand empathy. When Bob Ewell first takes the stand it is obvious to all that he is a wasted human being (Lee 230). Harper Lee crafts his image as a man who has no purpose in life, a drunken individualRead MoreTo Kill A Mockingbird Dilemma Essay1389 Words   |  6 PagesDevelopment in Dilemmas Charles Lamb once wrote, â€Å"Lawyers, I suppose, were children once,† which also happens to be the epigraph of Harper Lee’s novel, To Kill a Mockingbird. This quote demonstrates the connection between lawyers, who are usually seen as serious and understanding, and children, who are usually seen as carefree and innocent. The â€Å"lawyer† in this quote refers to anyone who is understanding, empathetic and informed, rather than just the profession, whilst the â€Å"children† refer to anyoneRead MoreThe Broken Ladder Of Society2580 Words   |  11 Pagesmemoirs and accounts of social injustice, though the novel To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee reflects upon it in a perceptive manner that is difficult to embody. The social hierarchy benefited no one, from the lowest ranked coloured folk’s who were burdened by stereotypes, the outcasts whom fooled their community with deceit and the emotional damage of facing societal expectations from the upper cl ass of society. By analyzing Lee’s work, one can concur that a socially unequal society that promotes

Aristotles Legacy Essay - 1151 Words

Extraordinary achievements have been made through ancient civilizations. Philosophers that have changed the way we look at things every day came from the ancient Greek world, especially during the prosperous Golden Age of Athens, Greece. Aristotle, a famous philosopher, taught his philosophy during this period of time in Greece. Using his intellect and astounding ideas, Aristotle created a legacy that influenced people for ages. To start off, Aristotle was a widely known philosopher in the Ancient Greek world born in Macedonia in the year 384 B.C. Not only did he take part in philosophy, but he also contributed poetics, political science, and biology. All of these subjects were taught at his school, the Peripatetic School of†¦show more content†¦Here he met a group of Platonists where he continued to learn about Plato’s philosophy. After staying in Assos for three years, he moved to the island of Lesbos in Mytilene until 344 B.C. It was in this same year that the Mace donian King Philip asked Aristotle to tutor his 13-year-old son Alexandros III later to be known as Alexander the Great. From the lessons he taught Alexander, he found he had some disagreements with Plato which he used to make up his own philosophy. Disagreements Aristotle had with Plato included his, previously mentioned, â€Å"ideal world of eternal beings†. Back when Plato was still alive and teaching Aristotle, this foreign utopia seemed reasonable, but over the years Aristotle began to think that true reality lay in the real, tangible world, not in a world that nobody can see. This concept began the philosophy of Aristotelianism. To teach his new philosophy, Aristotle established a teaching facility. He moved back to Athens, Greece to find a location for his school. It was finally decided to be located in a sacred garden for the Greek god Apollo, the Lyceum. â€Å"At the Lyceum, Aristotle collected a substantial library of scrolls, founded a museum of natural history, and shared his thinking with his students† (Cook OL). To teach his students, Aristotle wouldn’t stay in a closed space. He would rather go outside and show his students theShow MoreRelatedPlato And Aristotle Disagree About Virtue. Plato And Aristotle1403 Words   |  6 Pagesideas about the nature of virtue, which people have virtue when they are born and people can develop virtue when they believe in god. Then, I will follow a discussion of Aristotle’s ideas that virtue can be learned by ourselves. Finally, I will conclude by comparing the two different ideas virtue’s nature. To sum up, Plato and Aristotle’s ideas about virtue disagree. The first philosopher that I will discuss is Plato. Plato is very interesting to study because most of Plato’s ideas are written likeRead MoreHistorical Events That Took Place During The Classical Period1458 Words   |  6 Pagesbook titled Nicomachean Ethics contains his views on the ethics of mankind and how they can be applied on a daily basis. This essay will look critically at how the historical events that took place during the Classical Period may have influenced Aristotle’s work. Aristotle was born in Stagira, located in northern Greece, in 384 BCE. He later moved to Athens in 367 BCE, which was widely recognized as both the intellectual and cultural center of ancient Greece. He exhausted close to twenty years ofRead More Physics of Aristotle Essay1394 Words   |  6 Pageshelped to form the basis of the midieval christian perspective of the natural world. Much of his physics, when combined with Ptolemys mathematical model of planetary motions, was used by midieval thinkers to describe the behavior of the cosmos. 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Possibly the single-most important event of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries for medieval thinkers was the introduction of new translations of Aristotles works. The new translations were the products of work done by Arabic scholars. Up to that point Christendom knew only of Aristotles Logic. It had been widely accepted and was widely respected which meant the new works held great weight. The new translations provided a coherent view of the world that now challengedRead MoreFences Play According to Aristotle1540 Words   |  7 PagesUsing Aristotle’s descriptions of Tragedy, I classify Fences by August Wilson as a tragic play. The elements of tragedy, Troy Maxson as a tragic hero, and tragic plot were evident throughout the play. Also, the feeling of catharsis at the end-which is proper of tragedy, was clearly identifiable. I. Fences fits into the tragic genre based on the points given by Aristotle. In Poetics, he defines tragedy as the imitation of an action that is serious and also as having magnitude, complete in itselfRead MoreAristotles Balance of Eudaimonia880 Words   |  4 PagesAristotle’s balance of Eudaimonia Aristotle, the son of Nicomachus(Aristotle), known as ‘the philosopher, was born in 384 B.C.E, in a small city named Stagira in northern Greece. During his lifetime, he studied variety of subjects and brought knowledge to all aspects (Blackburn). He viewed that as a human, a subject who’s determined goal is to reach virtue and Arà ªte, is connected with nature and its balance (Golden Mean). Aristotle also viewed a good life as political questions. He analyzed thatRead MoreThe Development of Ancient Greece through Philosophic Evolution732 Words   |  3 Pagescarried the legacy of Plato’s analysis in dialectics, ethics, and physics. Furthermore, Plato is responsible for writing many dialogues that commonly held Socrates as the main character. Probably, the most notable of his works, however, was the Republic, which involved in-depth analysis of a utopia society ruled by philosopher-kings. This work not only helped shape the political considerations in the Gre cian city-states but is still used for referential purposes in modern times. Plato’s legacy offeredRead MoreAristotle Platos Differences in Art and its Culture1023 Words   |  4 Pagesamongst all these, it came from the same agreement in its form of mimesis, in other words, imitation. We will be looking into the context of how over the years brilliant people have created, contributed and transformed their intelligence, leaving legacies behind, and affecting the society today. In a fast paced world where everything is so advanced, interpretations have also turned its course from the very basics of where it all began or probably just seeing how the past have been of influence toRead MoreThe Philosopher Who Was An Ancient Greek Philosopher Essay1553 Words   |  7 Pagesbelieve that Plato was named by his grandfather whose name was Aristotle’s who essentially helped Plato with his traditional name. Plato was also claimed to be the oldest son in his family. Many historians say also that Plato was his nickname and that it referred to be because of his broad physical physique. Although, there is not much evidence of that they say that because of these young boys gave him the name Plato before Aristotle’s was even born. Plato was also assumed to be taught by some of

What Are Some, Instincts, You Believe Are Innate - 888 Words

What are some instincts you believe are innate to me? You have the instincts to survive, you have the instincts to be protective over family and friends. (D. Lemmon Interview). I grew up with a single mom and two older brothers, so you can imagine that I picked up a few things from them. For example, No matter what I was feeling or what I was going through, it was clear in my mind that some way, some how I had to survive and think things through. For instance, I was 13 and I was bullied really bad to the point of where I felt my life didn t matter. However, there was this voice in my head, I don t know if it was God or my own conscious telling me not to quit, but to keep going and that there is reason behind this obstacle. In spite of what I went through, it changed me for the better, most importantly it made me realize that some battles are worth fighting because in the end I turned out completely different and it shaped the person I am today. Because of the things I ve witnessed, it made me protective of my family and friends, it als o made me slow down and think before I take action. It became part of nature to be a survivor, so that I can be living proof that any challenge can be conquered once you put your mind to it. What relationship do you believe is most beneficial to me and why? Your Relationship with your family because they are there to encourage you, to be a support system and help guide you through your journey. And your friends because they help youShow MoreRelatedWhy Is Trusting Your Gut So Powerful?1231 Words   |  5 Pagesfor as long as you have been alive. â€Å"Trusting your gut is trusting the collection of all your subconscious experiences,† says Melody Wilding, a licensed therapist and professor of human behavior at Hunter College.(Funk) Is trusting your gut a good choice or a bad one? This question has become well asked and for good reason. There are people who only go off of logic and what they know for a situation and there are other people who only go off of instinct. Finding out what human instinct is is the firstRead MoreControlling the Uncontrollable in 1984900 Words   |  4 Pagesdirection of the wind that determines which way we will go. He was implying that you can get through anything that is in your way and achieve what you set out to achieve. But this quote can relate to the system of control in 1984 if you read it in the exact opposite way. Take the wind to be natural human instincts, and with the ease it takes to literally change the direction of a sail, the party redirects those instincts to serve a purpose and help them achieve their goal. Moreover, the government isRead MoreUniversal Ethics Is It Nature Vs. Nurture999 Words   |  4 Pagesthe way our parents/guardians have raised us and our friends/associates have affected our behavior in some way shape or form? Michael Gazzaniga, a professor of psychology, concluded that it is possible that our brains are predisposed and that we don’t have free will. Ethics are rules of be havior based on ideas about what is morally good and bad; what is acceptable compared to what is not. I do believe that there is such a thing as Universal Ethics because every culture has ethics, a set of golden rulesRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare Essay1424 Words   |  6 Pageslove--or what we imagine to be love-- sometimes inspire the most terrible of crimes?   Human emotion is often messy and often without defining lines. Can instinct alone impair our reason, or can a third deadly emotion mar all? In â€Å"Othello†, Shakespeare bids us look at some ugly facets of the human psyche and how what is beautiful and good can be twisted and destroyed in the name of self-interest and damning pride. 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Marriage is something almost everybody thinks about in every culture, it is considered a great act of love andRead MoreAltruism And It s Causes1581 Words   |  7 Pagesconcepts discernible in this event, I believe that the actions displayed by Smith were nothing short of altruism in its purest form. Altruism is the very driving force that motivates parents to protect their children without concern for their own well-being, motivates everyday citizens to donate blood and organs, and even motivates an individual to empty his/her pockets at the sight of someone without home. However, one must beg the question, how is it that some seemingly random bus driver would riskRead MoreThe Great Man Theory Of Leadership1173 Words   |  5 Pagesthe early 1900s where it was strongly believed that great leaders are born, not made. The basic premise of this theory has been contested since the inception of leadership study. While recent studies show some evidence to the contrary, the fundamental principle of the theory does retain some validity. The historian Thomas Carlyle coined the Great Man Theory as he argues the world’s history is simply a collection of biographies belonging to great men (U, 2016). Although referred to as the GreatRead MoreNature vs. Nurture Essay1250 Words   |  5 Pageshuman development depends on nurture and nature at the same time. Freud believes that human nature contains powe rful uncontrollable innate drives and repressed memories. The only way that these can happen is by nurture, because of some of the innate drives have been brought up through one’s upbringing. In a way Freud’s point of views are definitely supported by both nature and nurture. Another reason for this is because if you look at just Freud’s Psychoanalytic Perspective they too support both.

Human Physiology Human Muscle Stimulus Response

Questions: 1. Above a certain stimulus current, the amplitude of the finger twitch no longer increases. Why does this happen? 2. Show your table with the average amplitudes of the finger twitches at each frequency. Answers: (1). Twitching is a contraction of the muscle of the finger that occurs in response to a rapid, single stimulus that excites a single isolated action potential in a muscle fiber (Volz et al.). However, for generating coordinated and controlled movements which are required for maintaining the homeostasis; isolated, single twitches are not sufficient. Excitation of many motor neurons is required for the generating movements in the body. Excitation of neurons occurs when an action potential reaches a threshold level. When the action potential reaches the threshold level, the Ca2+ gates open and an electric impulse is generated due to the electrochemical gradient (Adler). Action potentials work in a none or all manner. Due to this nature of action potential, the strength of a stimulus should have a minimum value to reach a threshold to excite an action potential in the muscle fiber (Adler). To achieve contraction of the muscle strength of stimulus must overcome a minimum threshold of an action potential. Once the threshold action potential is reached, the strength of the stimulus will not have any effect on the further increase of action potential. The increase in the strength of the stimulus will not increase the muscle contraction because the Ca2+ gates of the sacroplasmic reticulum remain open only for a short amount of time after opening; hence, there will be no effect on the action potential (Adler). For an organ to move, many motor neurons are involved in the contraction of the muscle. Minimum stimuli strength is required for contracting the muscle (Volz et al.).. A minimum strength of stimulus is necessary to reach the lowest threshold level. As the strength of the stimulus increases, more and more motor neurons will get excited and after a certain level of stimuli strength, there will be no change in the tension created by the muscle fibers as all the fibers are already excited, and the muscle is in contraction (Volz et al.). (2). Following is the table showing the average amplitudes of the finger twitches at different frequencies. V1 and V2 represent the amplitudes. 1 2 3 Averages Remarks Frequency (Hz) V2-V1 V2-V1 V2-V1 V2-V1 1 748.5 706.2 768.3 741 2 384.5 310.5 379.4 358.13 3 343.6 323.3 350.6 339.17 4 244.1 265.2 230.6 246.63 5 168.6 186.4 190.2 181.73 10 32.2 31.3 23.3 28.933 No relaxation time 15 2 3 2 2.3333 No relaxation due to Increase in frequency 20 0 0 0 0 Tetanu References: Adler, Elizabeth M. "Of muscle modulation and the CFTR gate."The Journal of general physiology145.4 (2015): 255-255. Volz, Lukas J., et al. "What makes the muscle twitch: motor system connectivity and TMS-induced activity."Cerebral cortex(2014): bhu032.